I'm an Indian resident, do I owe tax in India on my Dubai property and rent?

If you're tax-resident in India, yes, you must report it, though the India-UAE DTAA prevents double taxation. Rent and gains are taxed where the property sits (Dubai, 0% for individuals), but Indian residents must still declare Dubai rent as foreign income and list the property in the ITR's Foreign Asset schedule; non-disclosure risks Black Money Act penalties. NRI (non-resident) status changes this.