What is the difference between Muslim and non-Muslim inheritance rules in the UAE?

Since Federal Decree-Law No. 41 of 2022 (effective February 2023), non-Muslims in the UAE have testamentary freedom and can leave assets to anyone via a registered will. Muslims remain subject to Sharia, which sets fixed mandatory shares favouring male heirs (sons take double daughters'). Without any will, courts may apply Sharia to a non-Muslim's UAE estate too.